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As of the beginning of 2019, the global stockpile of highly enriched uranium (HEU) was estimated to be about 1335 metric tons. The global stockpile of separated plutonium was about 530 tons, of which about 310 tons was civilian plutonium.

The map and the table show amounts of fissile materials (both military and civilian) in nuclear armed states and in countries that own large amount of civilian fissile materials. Numbers for weapon material for the United States and United Kingdom are based on official data. Most numbers for civilian plutonium are based on declarations submitted to IAEA and reflect the status as of December 31, 2018. Other numbers are non-governmental estimates, often with large uncertainties. See individual country entries for details.

Production of military fissile materials continues in India, which is producing plutonium for weapons and HEU for naval propulsion, Pakistan, which produces plutonium and HEU for weapons, Israel, which is believed to produce plutonium. North Korea has the capability to produce weapon-grade plutonium and highly-enriched uranium.

France, Russia, the United Kingdom, Japan, and India operate civilian reprocessing facilities that separate plutonium from spent fuel of power reactors. China is operating a pilot civilian reprocessing facility.

Thirteen countries - Russia, the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands (all three are in the URENCO consortium), China, Japan, Argentina, Brazil, India, Pakistan, and Iran - operate uranium enrichment facilities. North Korea is also believed to have an operational uranium enrichment plant.